Energy geopolitics is a very important discipline in understanding international relations and global security today. Energy resources, especially oil and gas, are not only an economic factor but also a strategic tool for the countries that possess them. With high global energy demand, the map of geopolitical power is changing, leading to conflict and cooperation within and between countries. One of the clearest examples is the energy dominance of the Middle East. Countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq have huge oil reserves. Conflicts in the region, including the civil war in Syria and tensions between the US and Iran, are often rooted in control of energy resources. Energy security has become one of the main priorities for major countries, including the United States and Russia, which are trying to strengthen their influence in the region to guarantee energy supplies. On the other hand, the transition to renewable energy also affects geopolitical dynamics. Countries that can make good use of green technology, such as Germany and China, can move away from dependence on fossil fuels. This poses challenges for energy producing countries, which must adapt to changing global market demands and pressures. These changes create new opportunities as well as risks for political stability, especially in countries whose economies depend on conventional energy exports. Limited energy resources also strengthen competition. For example, the Arctic is a potential resource exploration target. Countries such as Russia, Canada, and Norway are involved in territorial claims, which can lead to conflict. The presence of new trade routes in the region is becoming increasingly important in a global context, given the potential wealth that lies beneath the melting ice. The relationship between energy and national security cannot be separated. Countries with rich energy reserves often have greater bargaining power in international negotiations. Other countries’ dependence on their energy can be a tool of diplomacy and even pressure. A prominent example is Russia whose use of natural gas is a major route of business to Europe, influencing the foreign policies of these countries. The importance of energy infrastructure networks should not be overlooked either. Pipelines, LNG terminals and distribution networks are crucial elements in determining a country’s energy security. Attacks on this infrastructure can disrupt energy supplies and cause economic and social instability. Cyberattacks against energy companies are also increasing, creating new challenges in maintaining security. Meanwhile, international agreements related to energy and climate change are becoming a new arena for cooperation and complex agreements. The Paris Agreement on reducing emissions and developing renewable energy is an important basis for countries to collaborate. Despite the tensions, the need for clean and sustainable energy is driving dialogue between the often hostile countries. In the future, energy geopolitics and its implications for global security will continue to face changes. The transition to renewable energy, technological advances, and energy market dynamics will shape a new landscape that creates both challenges and opportunities for global stability. Countries around the world must adapt to these conditions, whether through technological innovation, better diplomacy, or sustainable conflict resolution.